Even as we focus on addressing these challenges, we work to meet or exceed our daily staffing patterns, which are designed to ensure the safety of the facility and are reviewed and approved by our government partners," Davio wrote. Fixed: Release in which this issue/RFE has been fixed.The release containing this fix may be available for download as an Early Access Release or a General Availability Release. The assault happened. The inmate who is suspected in the assault has been isolated from prison population and turned over to Tennessee Department of Corrections (TDOC) custody. Childress was killed last February, a day after a parole hearing he hoped would start the process toward anearly release. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. My son hates this place. Machen Sie das auch? Demarco Cotton, an inmate of the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in Hartsville, Tennessee, filed this pro se, in forma pauperis action under 42 U.S.C. Last year, Metro Nashville suddenly cut ties with CoreCivic, returning custody of a Davidson County jail facility to the sheriff and local control. Find procedures and guidelines for sending money to someone in our care. Sheriff Ray Russell said one of the officers was flown by helicopter to Vanderbilt University Medical Center for treatment while the second officer was flown to TriStar Skyline Medical Center. No. Further, Hickey claims,. He later became assistant warden at Mineral Wells Pre-Parole Transfer Facility. My husbands in there and i worry about him constantly and so afraid something gonna happen to him, ***If you have a loved one who is housed at Turner Trousdale Correctional Facility are housed at Trousdale, or are an employee at Trousdale and abuse, neglect, internal have concerns about conditions failure to provide health care, an unsafe, environment, etc, then please contact us. On Friday evening, Trousdale County Emergency Services was called to assist at the Hartsville prison after an inmate allegedly assaulted a staff member. HARTSVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) - Three correctional officers were injured Sunday at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center (TTCC) after being assaulted by inmates. Since citizens feel in the dark, they made an anonymous Facebook group called 'Trousdale Turner - Close it Down' where they discuss things that happen there. While he did not observe the incident directly, he wrote that two gangs that got into (illegible) which were the Crips and the Bloods both black gangs they come from D Building C. Building and E. Building Fighting in the Rec cage and outside of C. Building.. TTCC has NOT, I repeat NOT, any water whatsoever for 24 hours. All rights reserved. Reach reporter Mariah Timms at mtimms@tennessean.com or 615-259-8344 and on Twitter @MariahTimms. TROUSDALE COUNTY, Tenn. (WKRN) The Tennessee Department of Corrections Office of Investigations is looking into the death of an inmate at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center. Assaulting officers and popping locks on their doors, leaving their cells when they arent supposed to and many other things. (Apr. 140 Macon Way, Hartsville, TN 37074 Get Directions to this Facility Phone: 615-808-0400 Fax: 615-808-0499 More Info Visitation is available by appointment only. The troubled prison has been roiled by safety and staffing concerns since it opened in 2016. Before that, he was warden at Tallahatchie County Correctional Facility, Saguaro Correctional Center, North Fork Correctional Facility and Crossroads Correctional Center. ATTN: Visitation at the Bledsoe County Correctional Complex - Unit 2 has been cancelled until Saturday, March 11, 2023. That's why Newby is asking the court to shut it down. 2023 www.tennessean.com. Copyright 2019 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. 5501 Virginia Way, Suite 110 My son is in this hell hole. Id find a way to die. Resolved: Release in which this issue/RFE has been resolved. They made all the guys in the end rec yard which can be seen from the WD pod crawl out backwards on their hands and knees, he continued. "CoreCivic tends to be very non-transparent, they do not release information to the media or to the public," Friedmann said. A recent WPLN News analysis found that the four facilities had accounted for nearly all homicides within state prisons in the past fives years, even though they only house about a . Copyright 2022 WSMV. TDOC is investigating the incident. The Version table provides details related to the release that this issue/RFE will be addressed. We are working diligently to make the public, law-makers, and others aware of the internal state of the prison at this time in order to effect positive change. Click here for contact information to schedule a visit. The Tennessee Department of Correction has no comment since it's an ongoing investigation. Trousdale Turner Correctional Center Customer base: Tennessee Department of Correction - Facility Type: Multi-level Security, Owned since 2015 For updated visitation schedules due to the coronavirus pandemic, click here . Follow this link to our career page to view jobs at this facility. Last year, the Department of Justice stepped in to review CoreCivic's involvement in the suicide of an inmate at South Central Correctional Center in Clifton in August 2019. No? A Tennessee prison inmate died Saturday after a fight at Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in Hartsville. Newbyfiled the new suit this week in federal court on behalf of herself and her son's estate and is represented by Nashville attorney Daniel Horwitz. According to a USA TODAY-Network analysis in 2020 of the previous five years, CoreCivic'sfour Tennessee facilities held roughly 35% of the states prison population but accounted for about 63% of the states prison homicides. Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way, Donate to the Salvation Army Red Kettle Challenge. Responding staff restrained the assailants and rendered aid to the assaulted employees. I was denied a vist because I refused to leave my head scarf off during my vist even after I explained I had cancer and had radiation burns on my head. Martin L. Frink was named warden at Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in May 2021. In the suit, Horwitz argues that not only is CoreCivic aware of the understaffing, but that it does so deliberately to maximize profits in indifference of inmate safety. Trousdale is a private prison for men in Hartsville, Tennessee, about an hour drive from Nashville. Even though the server responded OK, it is possible the submission was not processed. tied to problems with staffing statewide. Addison Smith, 27, was transferred to the South Tennessee Correctional Center in Clifton from the firm's Trousdale Turner Correctional Facility in Hartsville on July 23, 2019. The inmates are locked down 23 hours or more daily. Yes, if this prison is going to be kept open, for goodness sake get someone in there who can run it properly. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The complaint is before the court for an initial review pursuant to the Prison Litigation The assault happened around 6 p.m. Sundays assault comes less than a month after two officers were stabbed at the correctional facility. A CoreCivic spokesperson issued a statement, it said in part: "Our focus continues to be on supporting our employee (who remains hospitalized,) the employee's family members and cooperating with the investigation.". Eric Wayne Elledge . HARTSVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) An employee at Trousdale Turner Correctional Facility in Hartsville was assaulted by an inmate Friday Night, a CoreCivic representative said. Diese Seite ist durch reCAPTCHA geschtzt und es gelten die Google. Listen. Get details about visiting this facility, sending mail, telephone and more. The Trousdale Turner Correctional Centeris a private prison for men, located in Hartsville, Trousdale County, Tennessee, owned and operated by CoreCivic(formerly Corrections Corporation of America) under contract with the Tennessee Department of Correction. For media inquiries, please contact the Public Affairs team at PublicAffairs@CoreCivic.com. Identities can remain undisclosed as long as proof of current or former employment in the position claimed is sufficiently provided. The prisoner has not been charged, and his name has not been confirmed. My husband is here on TDY for the next few months and hes been assaulted. Not Applicable Prison & Correctional Facility Photos See all Videos See all 2:06 They neglect the inmates. They cuffed them all with the plastic hand cuff zip tie type., Concluding his recollection of the incident, he said, Now my view is limited so I cannot tell you much more because we have been on lock down every since. [sic]. All cca prison's should be shutdown. A representative of CoreCivic on Friday said the company was aware of the complaint but had not formally been served the lawsuit and could not comment directly on the case. This should not be any type of minimum security set up ever in any prison it poses too many problems. According to reports, the fan and his female partner both suffered stab wounds in a 'disagreement' with suspects that abandoned the scene before police arrived. My son has also lost about 30 pounds in a month. It was in one of these incidents that a 26-year-old man was stabbed in the early hours of this morning. An advocate for prison reform has raised concerns over conditions at Hartsville's Trousdale Turner Correctional Center after a staff member was assaulted by an inmate last week. Unresolved: Release in which this issue/RFE will be addressed. 5 min read The family of a man killed at Trousdale Turner Correctional Center has asked the court for not only $10 million in damages, but for a path to. At the time, Parkersaid the rise could likely be tied to problems with staffing statewide. Diese*r Petitionsstarter*in setzt sich fr Dinge ein, die ihr/ihm am Herzen liegen. Clintons, Buttigieg inspire Vanderbilt students, Hillary gets standing ovation, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Trousdale Turner Correctional Facility is leading the nation in the number of positive COVID-19 cases, an estimated total of 1,393. The worst run facility in tn. Body scanners are now at all TDOC facilities. A third responding officer was also assaulted. There is a nuclear power plant behind the prison also that is what the picture is off on here. On Friday, two prison employees were transported by helicopter to separate area hospitals after being stabbed by two inmates at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center, which is managed. Advocates are concerned after they heard a nurse was brutally attacked by a prisoner at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center. They neglect the inmates. In total, nearly 150 inmates died in Tennessee prisons in the 2021 fiscal year, according to an annual report from the Tennessee Department of Correction. Not only my son ALL OF THEM need to get away from that place. All rights reserved. You cannot continue to deny something and think its all going away. Multiple state-level reviews, including a scathing 2020 audit from the Tennessee Comptroller's Office, have found that the state's prisons overall failed to adequately report injuries or accidents. Its not just about what happens to the inmates but what is happening to the officers. He's been analyzing how the prison operates. "That track record includes very critical audits both internal and by the Tennessee Comptroller's office citing the facility for under-staffing, for misuse of solitary confinement, there's been at least one murder at the facility, two suicides, multiple overdoses, staff members have been seriously injured before," Friedmann said, "I think some people are concerned about working there.". Get the Android Weather app from Google Play, Man dies after being hit by metal carport in Kentucky, 12 weeks of paid family leave proposed by lawmaker. This particular inmate also alleged that an entry within the TOMIS system designates him as employed within the prison when that is not the case. Al.", alleging violations of his civil rights. They have one minimum security area that is open bay and is not good at all for those suffering with mental illness because they have no way to feel safe because there are no cells, no privacy and it puts the inmates at risk for violence being done to them. An untenable situation can lead to injury on both sides. EMS were requested but the inmate was pronounced deceased before EMS arrived. I was a inmate there in 2016-2017 and I am released now and Ive been to every prison in this state and trousdale is the worst one .it is the gang land of prisons in tn . something needs to be done . There is 3000 inmates there and 2700 are gang members. The corrections officers ignore things that should be addressed such as the safety of the inmates. Additional details are pending the outcome of the investigation.. Staff found inmate Frank Lundy injured "at the entrance to the housing unit" at. They have stolen most of his clothes. The facility with the second-most deaths in 2019 was. Services for this location have been relocated to 220 Blanton Avenue. His Tv was broken. Lundy was taken to an area hospital where he was pronounced dead at 1:30 p.m. Trousdale Turner remained on lock down Sunday, and officials with the Tennessee Department of Correction and the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation are looking into the death. In January he was severely beaten up by a gang, to the point he could barely get out of bed, or walk. Jeffrey Sills, 43, was reportedly beaten and stabbed to death by his . Please contact 615-253-7400 if you have any questions. Tymothy Willis. Staff called a medical emergency and responded immediately. I wish there was a way to transfer my son to a different facility. Inmates are suffering without proper medical and mental care. I agreed to go in private to be searched and my scarf removed. The server responded with {{status_text}} (code {{status_code}}). Two correctional officers stabbed at Trousdale Co. prison, Morgan Wallen livestreams free concert, heres how to watch, First Alert Forecast: High Wind Warning through tonight, First Alert Forecast: Clear, sunny weekend, Cyntoia Brown-Long making most of second chances, Public File: publicfile@wsmv.com - 615-353-2260. A SUPPORTER was reportedly stabbed to death in Porto in the early hours of the morning. Additional details on the attack have not been released. Gangs shouldnt be allowed to form in prison. Steve Owen, a spokesman for the correctional facility, said two officers were assaulted at about 8 p.m. by inmates who were refusing to comply with orders given to prepare a scheduled head count. Share: The correctional officer sounded flustered. Persevere began working with inmates at two Tennessee Department of Correction institutions about four years ago, and the program gradually found its way to Trousdale Turner, which houses TDOC inmates. 615-242-5826. [1] . (Doc. Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in Hartsville, TN. The prison opened in 2016 on the site of a nuclear power plant and it holds about 2,500 men. They began performing emergency life-saving measures. It is a very scary place for anyone to be confined to. According to the Director of Public Affairs with Core Civic Ryan Gustin, the four individuals had a physical altercation at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center which prompted facility. Cca is making millions and that is very wrong. 615-263-3140, Fax (for employment verification only): Frink joined CoreCivic in 2000 as chief of security at Cibola County Correctional Center, and was promoted to assistant warden at California City Correctional Center. Between its opening in January 2016 and May, an inmate was stabbed on February . Within just a few days he stopped receiving both items, without having seen medical staff again. The inmate has yet to be identified and no other information was immediately released. Address: I was there on Thanksgiving 2016 during the crips and bloods gang fight in the same pod I was on the phone when it started and nobody once bothered me and they were stabbing each other all around me and still nuttn happened to me ..because I did not owe or was not in debt or a gang member but yes it is a bad and ruthless place and dangerous but if u stay out a debt youll be just fine thank you!! the Whiteville Correctional Facility (WCF), South Central Correctional Facility (SCCF), Hardeman County Correctional Facility (HCCF) and Trousdale-Turner Correctional Center (TTCC). They are on almost constant lockdown due to gang fights. I want my son out of there. In October, then-TDOC Commissioner Tony Parker reported to a committee of the Tennessee General Assembly that the number of suicides and accidental deaths in the prisons continued to rise in the latter half of the year. 1:55 A Clarksville man who worked as a former corrections officer at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Facility in Hartsville, Tenn. has been charged in connection with an assault on an. He was at Turney Center a few years back and he had no violent charges and not even today. He is weak and sick has lost 80pounds . Please HELP THESE GUYS. We interviewed our tech expert, Jaime Vazquez, to learn more about accessible smart home devices. Frequently Asked Questions for Trousdale Turner Correctional Center. Davio did include a link to CoreCivic's hiring pages in the emailed statement. Trousdale County's grand jury handed down two indictments for first-degree murder after incidents that occurred at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center. Parole Technical Violators Diversion Program. "People should be asking, what needs to be done that something like this does not happen again?" Parts of his letter describing the aforementioned points follow. Copyright 2019 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. "If Trousdale Turner Correctional Centers Special Housing Unit had been properly supervised and staffed, Mr. Childress would not be dead," the suit claims. You want to complain about them being on lock down all the time, but its because of the inmates. A Tennessee prison inmate died Saturday after a fight at Trousdale Turner Correctional Center inHartsville. The employee was transported to an outside hospital for treatment of injuries that are not life-threatening. someone help them please. CoreCivic/Trousdale Turner Correctional Center locations 1.8 Hartsville, TN Show all locations What's being discussed at CoreCivic/Trousdale Turner Correctional Center? Be Prepared to Trousdale Turner Correctional Center Visiting Rules. Trousdale Turner Correctional Facility is on lockdown status following the assault. If your child will play baseball or softball this spring, youll need to stock up on appropriate clothing and equipment. They are written up for no reason. Copyright 2022 WSMV. Part of the problem seems to be that gang members have free reign over some of the facilities. This story will be updated as more details become available. When is the State going to get a Communications Director that doesnt keep saying, that whatever and however she gets the info about TTCC, its all lies. Records show an offense of child molestation was logged against him in 2002. TDOC currently employs two, full-time, on-site contract monitors at Trousdale Turner, Davio wrote Friday, who observe the facilityforcompliance with prescribed policies and procedures. Human Rights Defense Center. 1983 against "Core Civic Et. In a 2021 interview with the Tennessean, Childress' mother, G. Marie Newby said she pieced together clues about her son's death on her own. Trousdale Turner Correctional Center, operated by CCA, opened in 2016 Whiteville Correctional Facility (Operated by CCA) - Whiteville - Opened in 2002 [13] Closed [ edit] Tennessee State Penitentiary - Nashville - Opened near 7th Avenue and Broadway in 1831, moved to Church St. in 1858, final facility opened on Cockrill Bend Blvd. He finally was allowed to go on sick call, and was told by the infirmary staff that he would be given pain meds and 3 Boosts a day. This place needs to be closed until they find competant employees and officers. She also asked the court to appoint an independent monitor for Trousdale Turner. For Immediate Release . 1). She recalled their morning calls when Childress mentioned frequent fights between inmates, including some recent stabbings. Didnt think so. Staff foundinmate Frank Lundy injured "at the entrance to the housing unit" at about 12:45 p.m.,according to a prison spokesperson. The 2020 report echoed a previous, 2017, finding that found egregious problems inside the Trousdale Turner facility. Bledsoe County Correctional Complex Debra K. Johnson Rehabilitation Center Hardeman County Correctional Facility Lois M. DeBerry Special Needs Facility Mark Luttrell Transition Center Morgan County Correctional Complex Northeast Correctional Complex Its a private owned prison CORECIVIC this makes life so much harder for the inmate I hope all of you that are commenting realize that it isnt only dangerous for you family members that are in there, but also for the COs. Do any of you have any idea how many are being stabbed or hurt? Their conditions were not known. According to the Director of Public Affairs for CoreCivic, an inmate was found unresponsive around 6:12 p.m. Tuesday at the facility. It happened on Friday around 6p.m. All tn prison's should be state run. If the matter isnt taken care of I will talk with Lamar Alexander Our Senator, I have a sin there..hes been in prison before..he never called me crying..except for this prison..not long ago..three men with shanks came in his cell.he had to fight all three of themconstant lockdown..I worry so much for his lifetrousdale turner guards should be arrested for assault..losing ur freedom is bad enough..and then to be abused as well..I pray so hard for my sonsomething needs to be doneguards keep abusing inmates could cause a riot..and if so..well deserved, My son arrived at Trousdale a few days ago. Communications will be kept confidential. Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in Hartsville, TN. He is afraid for his health and wonders if he will live till he gets out in June. "For nearly 40 years, CoreCivic has been committed to providing a high standard of care for every person in our Tennessee facilities, including quality reentry programming, comprehensive healthcare, faith-based support and many other services,"Matthew Davio, Public Affairs Manager for CoreCivic, wrote in an email Friday. Wheres the people that take care of our people. Inmates are suffering without proper medical and mental care. They need to replace Neysa Taylor. He was told he would be given a colonoscopy, which he still has not had, 3 months later. In many, judges have granted CoreCivic leave to file most responses and discovery under seal, limiting public access to the proceedings. 21, 2018) An inmate at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center ( TTCC ), Tennessee's newest prison, reported in a letter postmarked April 12, 2018 that conditions there remain precarious primarily due to short-staffing. Nashville's chapter of the NAACP says it has received many complaints from people inside the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center, which is managed by Brentwood-based CoreCivic. limiting public access to the proceedings, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. He says it is the worst prison he has ever been in. HARTSVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) Advocates are concerned after they heard a nurse was brutally attacked by a prisoner at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center. The employees were transported to nearby hospitals, where they have been treated for their injuries. Learn more, Compliance Manager: Donelle Harris, Assisitant Chief of Security, Call the CoreCivic Ethics and Compliance Hotline: 1-800-461-9330, or www.corecivic.com/ethicsline, Tennessee Department of Corrections (TDOC) PREA Tip Line: 615-253-8178, Warden's OfficeTrousdale Turner Correctional Facility140 Macon Way,Hartsville, TN 37074, Tennessee Department of Corrections320 Sixth Ave North,Nashville, TN 37243-0465, PREA Audit Date or Scheduled Audit Date:February 1-3, 2021, PREA Audit Date or Scheduled Audit Date:July 31 - August 1, 2017. A lawsuit filed this week by the mother of Terry Childress, killed while incarcerated last year, is the latest challenge to the wayCoreCivic runs its institutions. It is ridiculous the way they are treated. I have a son there who says it is the worst prison he has been in. She asks for a combined $10 million in both compensation and punitive damages. Among the items the inmate mentioned which correspond to those cited by others are cold food; disrespectful and at times obscene treatment on the part of correction officers; the facility being in a state of lockdown since Thanksgiving Day; drug-dealing being permitted by facility staff; and medications dispensed inconsistently. Required fields are marked *, {{#message}}{{{message}}}{{/message}}{{^message}}Your submission failed. By Sam Smith 10:03, Sun, May 8, 2022 | UPDATED: 14:50, Sun, May 8, 2022 If you are willing to share your story more publically in our ongoing advocacy work then please let us know. [1] Last week, TDOC confirmed more than 1,246 COVID-19 positive cases, out of 2,450 total tests, among staff and inmates at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in Trousdale County, following a . Food is terrible and there is very little of it. He has high blood pressure and hepatitis and his meds are not being given to him. Plus put real hot food in there. You can also search by state or job category. If you dont know whats going on, dont try and make the inmates look like victums. Select a topic to see what people are saying about different issues Professional development Explore skills and training, pay raises and promotions and management and culture. They had to be flown to Nashville hospitals for treatment. I couldnt live afraid of each and every day. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. For updated visitation schedules due to the coronavirus pandemic, Customer base: Tennessee Department of Correction - Facility Type: Multi-level Security, Owned since 2015. Someone needs to come off their State holiday and do something humane for these inmates for a change! CoreCivic's Trousdale Turner Correctional Center continues to face claims of poor management Steven Hale Feb 13, 2019 Since it opened in early 2016, Tennessee's largest prison CoreCivic's. Prior to joining CoreCivic, Frink spent nearly 17 years with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice where he started as a correctional officer and promoted to chief of security. Lockdown is constant and he is in protective custody because a gang member is threatening his life and electricity has been taken out of his cell and he can no longer buy commissary unless he goes back into general population where he fears for his life. The county has 1,363 confirmed infections because of the CoreCivic. Trousdale Turner is a state prison managed by private contractor CoreCivic. All rights reserved. According to an arrest. Posted at 7:37 PM, Sep 03, 2019 . If you call ttcc by phone none of the counselors ever answer the phone. Learn how your comment data is processed. (Dec. 20, 2016) Last week, The Post & Email sent a return letter to an inmate at the Trousdale Turner Correctional Center ( TTCC) in Hartsville, TN requesting more information on an incident said by a number of prisoners and their relatives to have occurred on Thanksgiving Day at the troubled and understaffed facility run by CoreCivic, formerly Why does he need to be housed with the worst of the worst. Dozens of federal suits have been filed against the company in recent years, including in Middle Tennessee. The facility hosted a ribbon-cutting ceremony in October last year, to commemorate the Persevere program launch. His identification of the gang members allegedly involved in the fight coincides with another inmates report of the incident. For information on official policy that outlines the regulations and procedures for visiting a Trousdale Turner Correctional Center inmate contact the facility directly via 615-808-0400 phone number. (WSMV) By Chuck Morris Published: Oct. 16, 2022 at 9:57 AM PDT HARTSVILLE, Tenn. (WSMV) - Two correctional officers at Trousdale. Please help get this place shut down asap. in 1898. Officials with the Tennessee Department of Corrections (TDOC) were notified of the incident, which is currently under investigation by TDOCs Office of Investigations & Compliance (OIC) with full cooperation from facility staff, Owen said in a statement. effectively monitor the private prison," the 2017 audit stated. Please contact the developer of this form processor to improve this message. Ive cried every day all day since I found out where he was. TTCC provides a robust reentry and rehabilitation curriculum for offenders, including the Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP), along with other programs to help offenders recognize and modify negative behavior patterns. Facility administrators informed TDOCs Office of Investigations and Conduct and are looking into the incident. One of those deaths, however that of Jermey Booker in March is listed as a homicide, while a manner of death is still pending in 10 others. Learn More{{/message}}, {{#message}}{{{message}}}{{/message}}{{^message}}It appears your submission was successful. He wants to be transferred anyplace but there. Reducing recidivism is at the heart of everything we do. Everyone that will please sign this petition and share if it allows to do so thanks in advance! Trousdale Celebrates First Graduates from Coding Program Persevere, Reducing recidivism is at the heart of everything we do. He gets beat up on daily bases . Maby hire guards that will do there job. I was told it would have to remain off the entire visit or no visit. The family of a man killed at Trousdale Turner Correctional Center has asked the court for not only $10 million in damages, but for a path to radically changing or permanently closing the.