b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. See Answer. b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. d. goal-setting theory. To praise, honor, or eulogize. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Creative Commons Attribution License All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT: Some people like to knit, others like to carve wood. e) Reinforcement. b) only two needs may be activated at the same time c) Expectancy Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. Organizations have held this out as a chief motivator for decades!) To accomplish something difficult. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. d) Motivation-hygiene theory nondirectivec. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. c) job enrichment The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals 47. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. Managers often assume that employees do not have certain needs because the employees never try to satisfy them at work. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. c) Expectancy Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. a) 23 c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, c) top-down goals. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. d) Social Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). The possibilities are endless. e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). The need for achievement (nAch) is how much people are motivated to excel at the tasks they are performing, especially tasks that are difficult. When nAch is being expressed, making it a manifest need, people try hard to succeed at whatever task theyre doing. This makes nAch a personality trait as well as a statement about motivation. Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. a) felt negative inequity How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. The person may not have had the opportunity to express the need. b. integrative. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). b) Alderfer's ERG theory. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. Job context factors include all of the following except. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). When motivator needs are met, however, employees feel satisfied and are motivated to perform well. Ans: e Page: 102 Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. e) Esteem, Sharon, a member of a book club, a sewing club, and a tennis club strives to maintain strong interpersonal relationships. 3. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. e) ERG theory, 65. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? d) Hygiene factors contribute to job satisfaction. To put things in order. A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? E) an attitudinal trait. a) What may seem fair and equitable to a team leader might be perceived as unfair and inequitable by a team member after comparisons are made with other team members. a) pay A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. and more. b) It should be consistent across different cultures. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. e) Motivation, If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! These precepts from SDT are entirely consistent with earlier discussions of theories by McClelland, Maslow, Alderfer, and Herzberg. Other people have lower affiliation needs. a) power. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. Because of Herzbergs work, organizations today realize the potential of motivators. There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Assume that any temporary external investment of money earns I0% per year and that any temporary financing is done at 6%. d. serving as a research framework. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. First, when a need has been energized, we are motivated to satisfy it. c) When a person will react to specific management styles c) affiliation To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the _____ theory. The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. esteem 61. The Prison Expansion Era. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. b.) A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. To be interested in theory. c. mainly by accident. The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. 61. d) Social and esteem When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. c) Hygiene factors do not prevent job dissatisfaction from occurring. Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. e.) Inducement. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. Reinforcement the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. a) Acquired needs theory Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? Understand the content theories of motivation. 49. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Why or why not? See Page 1 Section Reference: Types of Motivation Theories Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. insight therapies a. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). 1 . b) Alderfer's ERG theory. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. c.) physiological, safety, and social. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. Why or why not? b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. ( True False) Question 10. a. They build empires, and they protect them. We recommend using a c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. e) inducements. To take precautionary measures. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do. Operant Conditioning Theory Operant conditioning theory is the simplest of the motivation theories. Maslow believed that most people become fixated at this level. d) tacit negative inequity 54. Definition. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. e) equity, Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? b) valence Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. The diversity of the living world is staggering. In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. b) Hierarchy of needs theory ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. esteem, social, and Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation e) Self-actualization and physiological. reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. If the dollar decreases in value in Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. To separate oneself from a negatively valued object. To act for fun without further purpose. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. b) satisfier factors The more we grow, the more we want to grow. Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? individual. Theory choice. Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. c) It can vary across cultures. All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except A. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!. To vindicate the ego. To make an impression. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? Accounting for the imputed interest on a noninterest bearing note receivable is an example of what aspect of accounting theory? To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. d) 28 e) It is too culture bound. But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. d) It is more effective in non-United States cultures. Identify situational conditions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? c) performance is higher with easy goals d. Ken Wilbur. Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. Again, there are no easy answers. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. b) self esteem To form and further an erotic relationship. He refers to these factors as satisfiers to reflect their ability to provide satisfying experiences. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. b) Equity b) Motivator factors include a sense of achievement, recognition, and responsibility. b) perceived positive inequity e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. d) working conditions. Need-based theories describe motivated behavior as individual efforts to meet needs. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. d) interactional justice There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. d) ERG theory provides a timeline for action, but Maslow's theory does not. individual. d) affiliation. The nAff has important implications for organizational behavior. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? Match leadership to the conditions at hand. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License .
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